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Publications

The I-CeM data have been the basis for a wide variety of research. Projects using I-CeM range from adaptation of the census data through record linking or the creation of new derived variables, to consulting the census data for contextual information for a certain time period or locality, and international comparisons with other census databases. Publications and working papers which cite I-CeM can be searched by title, author, and keyword. If you have published work based on I-CeM, we encourage you to add it to the database.

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Journal articles

• Woollard, M., 1997. “Shooting the Nets”: A Note on the Reliability of the 1881 Census Enumerators’ Books’. In Local Population Studies, series 59, p.54–7.
• Woollard, Matthew, 2002. The Employment and Retirement of Older Men, 1851–1881: Further Evidence from the Census. In Continuity and Change, issue 3, series 17, p.437–463.
• Roberts, Evan; Ruggles, Steven; Dillon, Lisa Y.; Gardarsdóttir, Ólöf; Oldervoll, Jan; Thorvaldsen, Gunnar; Woollard, Matthew, 2003. The North Atlantic Population Project An Overview. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 2, series 36, p.80-88, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440309601217.
• Roberts, Evan; Woollard, Matthew; Ronnander, Chad; Dillon, Lisa Y.; Thorvaldsen, Gunnar, 2003. Occupational Classification in the North Atlantic Population Project. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 2, series 36, p.89-96, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440309601218.
• Schürer, K; Dillon, L., 2003. What's in a Name? Victorias in Canada and Great Britain in 1881. In Local Population Studies, p.57–62.
• Smith, M. T.; Fletcher-Jones, L. J., 2003. ‘Thus the Colliers and Their Wives…’: Migration, Mate Choice and Population Structure of Some County Durham Parishes in the Mid-19th Century. In Annals of Human Biology, issue 6, series 30, p.678-692, ISSN 0301-4460, 1464-5033 doi:10.1080/03014460310001602108.
• Schürer, Kevin, 2004. Surnames and the Search for Regions. In Local Population Studies, series 72, p.50–76.
• Woollard, Matthew, 2004. The Classification of Multiple Occupational Titles in the 1881 Census of England and Wales. In Local Population Studies, p.34–49.
• Long, Jason, 2005. Rural-Urban Migration and Socioeconomic Mobility in Victorian Britain. In The Journal of Economic History, issue 1, series 65, p.1–35, ISSN 0022-0507 doi:10.1017/S0022050705050011.
• Shaw-Taylor, Leigh, 2005. Family Farms and Capitalist Farms in Mid Nineteenth-Century England. In The Agricultural History Review, series 53, p.158–191.
• Altham, P. M. E.; Ferrie, J. P., 2007. Comparing Contingency Tables Tools for Analyzing Data from Two Groups Cross-Classified by Two Characteristics. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 1, series 40, p.3-16, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.3200/HMTS.40.1.3-16.
• Edwards, John R.; Walker, Stephen P., 2007. Accountants in the British Census. In Accounting Historians Journal, issue 2, series 34, p.43–74.
• Edwards, John Richard; Walker, Stephen P., 2007. Accountants in Late 19th Century Britain: A Spatial, Demographic and Occupational Profile. In Accounting and Business Research, issue 1, series 37, p.63-89, ISSN 0001-4788, 2159-4260 doi:10.1080/00014788.2007.9730060.
• Long, Jason; Ferrie, Joseph, 2007. The Path to Convergence: Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Britain and the US in Three Eras. In The Economic Journal, issue 519, series 117, p.C61–C71.
• Smith, Malcolm T.; MacRaild, Donald M., 2009. The Irish in the Mining Industry in England and Wales: Evidence from the 1881 Census. In Irish Economic and Social History, issue 1, series 36, p.37-62, ISSN 0332-4893, 2050-4918 doi:10.7227/IESH.36.3.
• Smith, Malcolm T.; Macraild, Donald M., 2009. Nineteenth‐Century Population Structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An Analysis by Isonymy. In American Journal of Human Biology, issue 3, series 21, p.283-289, ISSN 1042-0533, 1520-6300 doi:10.1002/ajhb.20856.
• Smith, Malcolm T.; MacRaild, Donald M., 2009. Paddy and Biddy No More: An Evolutionary Analysis of the Decline in Irish Catholic Forenames Among Descendants of 19th Century Irish Migrants to Britain. In Annals of Human Biology, issue 5, series 36, p.595-608, ISSN 0301-4460, 1464-5033 doi:10.1080/03014460903117459.
• Smith, Malcolm; MacRaild, Donald M., 2009. The Origins of the Irish in Northern England: An Isonymic Analysis of Data from the 1881 Census. In Immigrants & Minorities, issue 2-3, series 27, p.152-177, ISSN 0261-9288, 1744-0521 doi:10.1080/02619280903128095.
• Solar, Peter M.; Smith, Malcolm T., 2009. Background Migration: The Irish (and Other Strangers) in Mid-Victorian Hertfordshire. In Local Population Studies, series 82, p.44–62.
• Gritt, Andy; Park, Peter, 2011. The Workhouse Populations of Lancashire in 1881. In Local Population Studies, issue 1, series 86, p.37–65.
• Alexander, J. Trent; Steidl, Annemarie, 2012. Gender and the “Laws of Migration”: A Reconsideration of Nineteenth-Century Patterns. In Social Science History, issue 2, series 36, p.223–241 doi:10.1017/S0145553200011779.
• Burnett, John A; Hughes, Kyle; Macraild, Donald M; Smith, Malcolm, 2012. Scottish Migrants in the Northern ‘Irish Sea Industrial Zone’, 1841–1911: Preliminary Patterns and Perspectives. In Northern History, issue 1, series 49, p.75-98, ISSN 0078-172X, 1745-8706 doi:10.1179/174587012X13230354351663.
• Cheshire, James A.; Longley, Paul A., 2012. Identifying Spatial Concentrations of Surnames. In International Journal of Geographical Information Science, issue 2, series 26, p.309-325, ISSN 1365-8816, 1362-3087 doi:10.1080/13658816.2011.591291.
• Shaw‐Taylor, Leigh, 2012. The Rise of Agrarian Capitalism and the Decline of Family Farming in England. In The Economic History Review, issue 1, series 65, p.26-60, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00585.x.
• Long, Jason, 2013. The Surprising Social Mobility of Victorian Britain. In European Review of Economic History, issue 1, series 17, p.1-23, ISSN 1361-4916 doi:10.1093/ereh/hes020.
• Long, Jason; Ferrie, Joseph, 2013. Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850. In American Economic Review, issue 4, series 103, p.1109-1137, ISSN 0002-8282 doi:10.1257/aer.103.4.1109.
• McGeevor, Sophie, 2014. How Well Did the Nineteenth Century Census Record Women's ‘Regular’ Employment in England and Wales? A Case Study of Hertfordshire in 1851. In The History of the Family, issue 4, series 19, p.489-512, ISSN 1081-602X, 1873-5398 doi:10.1080/1081602X.2014.968181.
• Bennett, Robert J.; Newton, Gill, 2015. Employers and the 1881 Population Census of England and Wales. In Local Population Studies, issue 1, series 95, p.29–49.
• Schürer, K; Penkova, Tatiana, 2015. Creating a Typology of Parishes in England and Wales: Mining 1881 Census Data. In Historical Life Course Studies, series 2, p.38-57 doi:10.51964/hlcs9358.
• Schürer, Kevin; Penkova, Tatiana; Shi, Yanshan, 2015. Standardising and Coding Birthplace Strings and Occupational Titles in the British Censuses of 1851 to 1911. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 4, series 48, p.195-213, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440.2015.1010028.
• Bennett, Robert J., 2016. Interpreting business partnerships in late Victorian Britain. In The Economic History Review, issue 4, series 69, p.1199-1227, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.12327.
• Kandt, Jens; Cheshire, James A; Longley, Paul A, 2016. Regional Surnames and Genetic Structure in Great Britain. In Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, issue 4, series 41, p.554-569, ISSN 0020-2754, 1475-5661 doi:10.1111/tran.12131.
• Vickers, Chris, 2016. Socioeconomic Status and Judicial Disparities in England and Wales, 1870–1910. In Explorations in Economic History, series 61, p.32-53.
• Vickers, Chris; Ziebarth, Nicolas L., 2016. Economic Development and the Demographics of Criminals in Victorian England. In The Journal of Law and Economics, issue 1, series 59, p.191-223.
• Atkinson, Paul; Francis, Brian; Gregory, Ian; Porter, Catherine, 2017. Patterns of Infant Mortality in Rural England and Wales, 1850–1910. In The Economic History Review, issue 4, series 70, p.1268-1290, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.12488.
• Heritage, Tom, 2017. The Living Arrangements of Older People in the 1851 and 1891 Census Enumerators' Books for Hertfordshire. In Local Population Studies, issue 1, series 98, p.30–53.
• Jaadla, Hannaliis; Reid, Alice, 2017. The Geography of Early Childhood Mortality in England and Wales, 1881–1911. In Demographic Research, series 37, p.1861-1890, ISSN 1435-9871 doi:10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.58.
• Radicic, Dragana; Bennett, Robert; Newton, Gill, 2017. Portfolio Entrepreneurship in Farming: Empirical Evidence from the 1881 Census for England and Wales. In Journal of Rural Studies, series 55, p.289-302, ISSN 07430167 doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.08.019.
• Snell, K. D. M., 2017. The Rise of Living Alone and Loneliness in History. In Social History, issue 1, series 42, p.2-28, ISSN 0307-1022, 1470-1200 doi:10.1080/03071022.2017.1256093.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Klüsener, Sebastian; Poniat, Radosław; Gruber, Siegfried, 2017. The Patriarchy Index: A New Measure of Gender and Generational Inequalities in the Past. In Cross-Cultural Research, issue 3, series 51, p.228-262, ISSN 1069-3971, 1552-3578 doi:10.1177/1069397117697666.
• Day, Joseph, 2018. Leaving Home in 19th Century England and Wales: A Spatial Analysis. In Demographic Research, series 39, p.95-135, ISSN 1435-9871 doi:10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.4.
• Field, Jacob F., 2018. Economic Change in a London Suburb: Southwark, c. 1601–1881. In The London Journal, issue 3, series 43, p.243-266, ISSN 0305-8034, 1749-6322 doi:10.1080/03058034.2018.1495405.
• Garrett, Eilidh; Reid, Alice, 2018. Composing a National Picture from Local Scenes: New and Future Insights into the Fertility Transition. In Local Population Studies, issue 1, series 100, p.60–76.
• Long, Jason; Ferrie, Joseph, 2018. Grandfathers Matter(ed): Occupational Mobility Across Three Generations in the US and Britain, 1850–1911. In The Economic Journal, issue 612, series 128, p.F422-F445, ISSN 0013-0133, 1468-0297 doi:10.1111/ecoj.12590.
• Reid, Alice; Garrett, Eilidh, 2018. An Atlas of Victorian Fertility Decline-ESRC. In Impact: Connecting Global Research, issue 4, series 2018, p.67–69.
• Ruggles, Steven; Fitch, Catherine A.; Roberts, Evan, 2018. Historical Census Record Linkage. In Annual Review of Sociology, issue 1, series 44, p.19-37, ISSN 0360-0572, 1545-2115 doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041447.
• Schürer, K.; Garrett, Eilidh M.; Jaadla, Hannaliis; Reid, Alice, 2018. Household and Family Structure in England and Wales (1851–1911): Continuities and Change. In Continuity and Change, issue 3, series 33, p.365-411, ISSN 0268-4160, 1469-218X doi:10.1017/S0268416018000243.
• Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert J.; Radicic, Dragana, 2018. Towns in Victorian England and Wales: A New Classification. In Urban History, issue 4, series 45, p.568-594, ISSN 0963-9268, 1469-8706 doi:10.1017/S0963926818000020.
• Szołtysek, M.; Poniat, Radoslaw, 2018. The Power of the Family: New Data Reveal the Role of the Historical Family as the Instigator of Disparate and Lasting Developmental Trajectories. In World Values Research, issue 1, series 10, p.1–39.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Poniat, Radosław, 2018. Historical Family Systems and Contemporary Developmental Outcomes: What Is to Be Gained from the Historical Census Microdata Revolution?. In The History of the Family, issue 3, series 23, p.466-492, ISSN 1081-602X, 1873-5398 doi:10.1080/1081602X.2018.1477686.
• Bennett, Robert; Smith, Harry; Van Lieshout, Carry; Montebruno, Piero; Newton, Gill, 2019. The British Business Census of Entrepreneurs 1851-1911 (BBCE): User Guide.
• Chapman, Jonathan, 2019. The Contribution of Infrastructure Investment to Britain's Urban Mortality Decline, 1861–1900. In The Economic History Review, issue 1, series 72, p.233-259 doi:10.1111/ehr.12699.
• Lan; Longley, 2019. Geo-Referencing and Mapping 1901 Census Addresses for England and Wales. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, issue 8, series 8, p.320, ISSN 2220-9964 doi:10.3390/ijgi8080320.
• Montebruno, Piero; Bennett, Robert J.; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry, 2019. A Tale of Two Tails: Do Power Law and Lognormal Models Fit Firm-Size Distributions in the Mid-Victorian Era?. In Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, series 523, p.858-875, ISSN 03784371 doi:10.1016/j.physa.2019.02.054.
• Montebruno, Piero; Bennett, Robert J.; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Satchell, Max, 2019. Shifts in Agrarian Entrepreneurship in Mid-Victorian England and Wales. In Agricultural History Review, issue 1, series 67, p.71–108.
• Pérez, Santiago, 2019. Intergenerational Occupational Mobility across Three Continents. In The Journal of Economic History, issue 2, series 79, p.383-416, ISSN 0022-0507, 1471-6372 doi:10.1017/S0022050719000032.
• Schürer, K.; Day, Joe, 2019. Migration to London and the Development of the North–South Divide, 1851–1911. In Social History, issue 1, series 44, p.26-56, ISSN 0307-1022, 1470-1200 doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1545361.
• Sheppard, David, 2019. Using Samples to Study the Men of the Victorian Navy. In The Mariner's Mirror, issue 2, series 105, p.233-237, ISSN 0025-3359, 2049-680X doi:10.1080/00253359.2019.1589121.
• Singleton, Alex D.; Longley, Paul A., 2019. Data Infrastructure Requirements for New Geodemographic Classifications: The Example of London's Workplace Zones. In Applied Geography, series 109, p.102038.
• Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert J.; Van Lieshout, Carry, 2019. Immigrant business proprietors in England and Wales (1851–1911). In Continuity and Change, issue 2, series 34, p.253–276.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz; Poniat, Radosław; Gruber, Siegfried, 2019. “One Size Does Not Fit All”: Spatial Nonstationarity in the Determinants of Elderly Residential Isolation in Historical Europe. In Population, Space and Place, issue 6, series 25, p.e2242, ISSN 1544-8444, 1544-8452 doi:10.1002/psp.2242.
• Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Montebruno, Piero; Bennett, Robert J., 2019. Female Entrepreneurship: Business, Marriage and Motherhood in England and Wales, 1851–1911. In Social History, issue 4, series 44, p.440-468, ISSN 0307-1022, 1470-1200 doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1656929.
• Walford, Nigel Stephen, 2019. Bringing Historical British Population Census Records into the 21st Century: A Method for Geocoding Households and Individuals at Their Early‐20th‐Century Addresses. In Population, Space and Place, issue 4, series 25, p.e2227.
• Bennett, Robert J.; Smith, Harry; Montebruno, Piero, 2020. The Population of Non-corporate Business Proprietors in England and Wales 1891–1911. In Business History, issue 8, series 62, p.1341-1372, ISSN 0007-6791, 1743-7938 doi:10.1080/00076791.2018.1534959.
• Bennett, Robert; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Montebruno, Piero, 2020. Supplement to BBCE User Guide: Website definitions, downloads, Atlas of Entrepreneurship, and linkage to I-CeM doi:10.17863/CAM.50181.
• Connor, Dylan Shane, 2020. Class Background, Reception Context, and Intergenerational Mobility: A Record Linkage and Surname Analysis of the Children of Irish Immigrants. In International Migration Review, issue 1, series 54, p.4-34, ISSN 0197-9183, 1747-7379 doi:10.1177/0197918318806891.
• Day, Joseph, 2020. The Process of Internal Migration in England and Wales, 1851-1911: Updating Ravenstein and the Step-Migration Hypothesis. In Comparative Population Studies, series 44, p.447–496.
• Heblich, Stephan; Redding, Stephen J.; Sturm, Daniel M., 2020. The Making of the Modern Metropolis: Evidence from London. In The Quarterly Journal of Economics, issue 4, series 135, p.2059-2133.
• Heritage, Tom; Hinde, Andrew; Clifford, David, 2020. Household Living Arrangements and Old Age Pauperism in Late-Victorian England. In Genealogy, issue 2, series 4, p.55.
• Jaadla, Hannaliis; Potter, Ellen; Keibek, Sebastian; Davenport, Romola, 2020. Infant and Child Mortality by Socio‐Economic Status in Early Nineteenth‐Century England. In The Economic History Review, issue 4, series 73, p.991-1022 doi:10.1111/ehr.12971.
• Jaadla, Hannaliis; Reid, Alice; Garrett, Eilidh; Schürer, Kevin; Day, Joseph, 2020. Revisiting the Fertility Transition in England and Wales: The Role of Social Class and Migration. In Demography, issue 4, series 57, p.1543-1569, ISSN 0070-3370, 1533-7790 doi:10.1007/s13524-020-00895-3.
• Kandt, Jens; Van Dijk, Justin; Longley, Paul A., 2020. Family Name Origins and Intergenerational Demographic Change in Great Britain. In Annals of the American Association of Geographers, issue 6, series 110, p.1726-1742, ISSN 2469-4452, 2469-4460 doi:10.1080/24694452.2020.1717328.
• Lan, Tian; Kandt, Jens; Longley, Paul, 2020. Geographic Scales of Residential Segregation in English Cities. In Urban Geography, issue 1, series 41, p.103-123, ISSN 0272-3638, 1938-2847 doi:10.1080/02723638.2019.1645554.
• Montebruno, Piero; Bennett, Robert J.; Smith, Harry; Van Lieshout, Carry, 2020. Machine Learning Classification of Entrepreneurs in British Historical Census Data. In Information Processing & Management, issue 3, series 57, p.102210.
• Reid, Alice; Jaadla, Hannaliis; Garrett, Eilidh; Schürer, Kevin, 2020. Adapting the Own Children Method to Allow Comparison of Fertility Between Populations with Different Marriage Regimes. In Population Studies, issue 2, series 74, p.197-218, ISSN 0032-4728, 1477-4747 doi:10.1080/00324728.2019.1630563.
• Rodger, Richard, 2020. Making the Census Count: Revealing Edinburgh 1760–1900. In Journal of Scottish Historical Studies, issue 2, series 40, p.134-148, ISSN 1748-538X, 1755-1749 doi:10.3366/jshs.2020.0300.
• Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert J.; Van Lieshout, Carry, 2020. Entrepreneurship in Birmingham and Manchester, 1851-1911: A Tale of Two Cities?. In Midland History, issue 3, series 45, p.357-380, ISSN 0047-729X, 1756-381X doi:10.1080/0047729X.2020.1814641.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz, 2020. How Many Household Formation Systems Were There in Historic Europe? A View Across 256 Regions Using Partitioning Clustering Methods. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 1, series 53, p.53-76, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440.2019.1656591.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz; Poniat, Radosław; Gruber, Siegfried, 2020. Making a Place for Space: A Demographic Spatial Perspective on Living Arrangements Among the Elderly in Historical Europe. In European Journal of Population, issue 1, series 36, p.85-117, ISSN 0168-6577, 1572-9885 doi:10.1007/s10680-019-09520-5.
• Szreter, Ben, 2020. ‘Such a Group! Presenting so Many Nationalities’: Social Cohesion and People of Colour Settling in Victorian Britain. In Immigrants & Minorities, issue 1-2, series 38, p.54-76, ISSN 0261-9288, 1744-0521 doi:10.1080/02619288.2020.1810667.
• Thomas, Zoë, 2020. Between Art and Commerce: Women, Business Ownership, and the Arts and Crafts Movement. In Past & Present, issue 1, series 247, p.151–196.
• Van Dijk, Justin; Longley, Paul A., 2020. Interactive Display of Surnames Distributions in Historic and Contemporary Great Britain. In Journal of Maps, issue 1, series 16, p.68-76, ISSN 1744-5647 doi:10.1080/17445647.2020.1746418.
• Walford, Nigel Stephen, 2020. Demographic and Social Context of Deaths During the 1854 Cholera Outbreak in Soho, London: A Reappraisal of Dr John Snow's Investigation. In Health & Place, series 65 doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102402.
• You, Xuesheng, 2020. Women's Labour Force Participation in Nineteenth‐Century England and Wales: Evidence from the 1881 Census Enumerators’ Books. In The Economic History Review, issue 1, series 73, p.106-133, ISSN 0013-0117 doi:10.1111/ehr.12876.
• Jaadla, Hannaliis; Shaw-Taylor, Leigh; Davenport, Romola, 2021. Height and Health in Late Eighteenth-Century England. In Population Studies, issue 3, series 75, p.381-401, ISSN 0032-4728, 1477-4747 doi:10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011.
• Lan, Tian; Longley, Paul A., 2021. Urban Morphology and Residential Differentiation across Great Britain, 1881–1901. In Annals of the American Association of Geographers, p.1-20, ISSN 2469-4452, 2469-4460 doi:10.1080/24694452.2020.1859982.
• Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert J.; Van Lieshout, Carry; Montebruno, Piero, 2021. Households and Entrepreneurship in England and Wales, 1851–1911. In The History of the Family, issue 1, series 26, p.100-122, ISSN 1081-602X, 1873-5398 doi:10.1080/1081602X.2020.1796750.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz; Gruber, Siegfried, 2021. Global and Local Correlations of Hajnal’s Household Formation Markers in Historical Europe: A Cautionary Tale. In Population Studies, issue 1, series 75, p.67-89, ISSN 0032-4728, 1477-4747 doi:10.1080/00324728.2020.1832252.
• Van Lieshout, Carry; Bennett, Robert J.; Smith, Harry, 2021. The British Business Census of Entrepreneurs and Firm-Size, 1851–1881: New Data for Economic and Business Historians. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 3, series 54, p.129-150, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440.2019.1707140.
• Arthi, Vellore; Beach, Brian; Hanlon, W. Walker, 2022. Recessions, Mortality, and Migration Bias: Evidence from the Lancashire Cotton Famine. In American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, issue 2, series 14, p.228-255 doi:10.1257/app.20190131.
• Bennett, Robert J.; Montebruno, Piero; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry, 2022. Business Entry and Exit: Career Changes of Proprietors in England and Wales (1851–81) Using Record-Linkage. In Social Science History, issue 2, series 46, p.255–289.
• Bennett, Robert; Hannah, Leslie, 2022. British Employer Census Returns in New Digital Records 1851–81; Consistency, Non-Response, and Truncation – What This Means for Analysis. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, series 55, p.1-17 doi:10.1080/01615440.2021.2018373.
• Bogart, Dan; You, Xuesheng; Alvarez-Palau, Eduard J.; Satchell, Max; Shaw-Taylor, Leigh, 2022. Railways, Divergence, and Structural Change in 19th Century England and Wales. In Journal of Urban Economics, series 128, p.103390 doi:10.1016/j.jue.2021.103390.
• Cummins, Neil, 2022. The Hidden Wealth of English Dynasties, 1892–2016. In The Economic History Review, issue 3, series 75, p.667-702, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.13120.
• Day, Joseph, 2022. The Accuracy and Precision of Birthplace Reporting in the 1851–1911 Censuses: Place as a Component of Identity in Nineteenth‐Century England and Wales. In Population, Space and Place, issue 5, series 28, p.e2537, ISSN 1544-8444, 1544-8452 doi:10.1002/psp.2537.
• Guerra, José-Alberto; Mohnen, Myra, 2022. Multinomial Choice with Social Interactions: Occupations in Victorian London. In Review of Economics and Statistics, issue 4, series 104, p.736-747.
• Hannah, Leslie; Bennett, Robert, 2022. Large‐Scale Victorian Manufacturers: Reconstructing the Lost 1881 Uk Employer Census. In The Economic History Review, issue 3, series 75, p.830-856, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.13118.
• Karbownik, Krzysztof; Wray, Anthony, 2022. Lifetime and Intergenerational Consequences of Poor Childhood Health. In Journal of Human Resources.
• Lan, Tian; Van Dijk, Justin; Longley, Paul, 2022. Family Names, City Size Distributions and Residential Differentiation in Great Britain, 1881–1901. In Urban Studies, issue 10, series 59, p.2110-2128, ISSN 0042-0980, 1360-063X doi:10.1177/00420980211025721.
• Lane, Joe, 2022. The Trees of the Forest: Uncovering Small-Scale Producers in an Industrial District, 1781–1851. In Enterprise & Society, p.1-29.
• Philips, Robin C. M.; Calabrese, Matteo; Keenan, Robert; Van Leeuwen, Bas, 2022. The Regional Occupational Structure in Interwar England and Wales. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 2, series 55, p.78-97, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440.2022.2027303.
• Rodger, Richard, 2022. Property and Inequality: Housing Dynamics in a Nineteenth‐Century City. In The Economic History Review, issue 4, series 75, p.1151-1181, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.13138.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Beltrán Tapia, Francisco J.; Ogórek, Bartosz; Gruber, Siegfried, 2022. Family Patriarchy and Child Sex Ratios in Historical Europe. In The History of the Family, issue 4, series 27, p.702-735, ISSN 1081-602X, 1873-5398 doi:10.1080/1081602X.2022.2051581.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz; Gruber, Siegfried; Beltrán Tapia, Francisco J., 2022. Inferring “Missing Girls” from Child Sex Ratios in Historical Census Data. In Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, issue 2, series 55, p.98-121, ISSN 0161-5440, 1940-1906 doi:10.1080/01615440.2021.2014377.
• Williams, Samantha, 2022. The Working-Age Poor and the Workhouse, 1851-1911.. In Local Population Studies, issue 109, p.42-68.
• Williams, Samantha, 2022. Poverty, Gender and Old Age in the Victorian and Edwardian Workhouse. In Continuity and Change, issue 3, series 37, p.389-421 doi:10.1017/S0268416023000036.
• Aidt, Toke S.; Davenport, Romola J.; Gray, Felix, 2023. New Perspectives on the Contribution of Sanitary Investments to Mortality Decline in English Cities, 1845–1909. In The Economic History Review, issue 2, series 76, p.624-660, ISSN 0013-0117, 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.13195.
• Bailey, Juliet, 2023. Exploring Changes in Gamekeeper Numbers in England (1851–1921). In Rural History, p.1-20 doi:10.1017/S0956793323000018.
• Bailey, Roy E.; Hatton, Timothy J.; Inwood, Kris, 2023. Surviving the Deluge: British Servicemen in World War I. In Economics & Human Biology, series 49, p.101-216 doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101216.
• Carozzi, Felipe; Pinchbeck, Edward; Repetto, Luca, 2023. Scars of War: The Legacy of WWI Deaths on Civic Capital and Combat Motivation. In SSRN Electronic Journal, ISSN 1556-5068 doi:10.2139/ssrn.4380959.
• Day, Joseph, 2023. Mapping the Cultural Divides of England and Wales: Did the Geographies of ‘Belonging’ Act as a Brake on British Urbanisation, 1851–1911?. In Plos one, issue 5, series 18, p.e0286244.
• Lan, Tian; Longley, Paul A., 2023. An Individual Level Method for Improved Estimation of Ethnic Characteristics. In International Regional Science Review, issue 3, series 46, p.328-353, ISSN 0160-0176, 1552-6925 doi:10.1177/01600176221116568.
• Reid, Alice; Garrett, Eilidh; Jaadla, Hannaliis; Schürer, Kevin; Rafferty, Sarah, 2023. Fatal Places? Contextual Effects on Infant and Child Mortality in Early Twentieth Century England and Wales. In Social Science History, issue 3, series 47, p.397–424.
• Scheve, Kenneth; Serlin, Theo, 2023. The German Trade Shock and the Rise of the Neo-Welfare State in Early Twentieth-Century Britain. In American Political Science Review, issue 2, series 117, p.557-574, ISSN 0003-0554, 1537-5943 doi:10.1017/S0003055422000673.
• Longley, Paul; Lan, Tian; Van Dijk, Justin, 2024. Geography, Ethnicity, Genealogy and Inter‐Generational Social Inequality in Great Britain. In Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, issue 1, series 49, p.e12622, ISSN 0020-2754, 1475-5661 doi:10.1111/tran.12622.
• Tanu, Nikki; Gibin, Maurizio; Hu, Di; Longley, Paul A, 2024. A Century of Telephony: Digital Capture of British Telephone Directories, 1880-1984. In Annals of GIS, p.1-14, ISSN 1947-5683, 1947-5691 doi:10.1080/19475683.2024.2331509.
• You, Xuesheng, 2024. Female Relatives and Domestic Service in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales: Female Kin Servants Revisited. In The Economic History Review, issue 2, series 77, p.444-471, ISSN 1468-0289 doi:10.1111/ehr.13276.

Book sections

• Smith, M. T., 2002. The Inference of Genetic Structure and the Micro-Evolutionary Process from the Distribution and Changing Pattern of Surnames.. In Naming, Society and Regional Identity, Postles, D. (eds), Leopard's Head Press, Oxford.
• Smith, Malcolm, 2002. Isonymy Analysis: The Potential for Application of Quantitative Analysis of Surname Distributions to Problems in Historical Research. In Human Biology and History, Smith, M. T. (eds), Taylor & Francis, London, p.112–133.
• Schürer, Kevin, 2003. Leaving Home in England and Wales 1850–1920. In The Road to Independence. Leaving Home in Eastern and Western Societies, 16th-20th Centuries, van Poppel, F.; Oris, M.; Lee, J. (eds), Peter Lang, Oxford, vol. 1, Population, Family, and Society, p.33-84.
• Shaw-Taylor, Leigh, 2007. Diverse Experiences: The Geography of Adult Female Employment in England and the 1851 Census. In Women’s Work in Industrial England: Regional and Local Perspectives, Goose, Nigel (eds), Local Population Studies, Hatfield, p.29–50.
• Smith, M. T.; MacRaild, Donald M., 2010. The Origins of the Irish in Northern England: An Isonymic Analysis of Data from the 1881 Census’. In Irish Identities in Victorian Britain, Swift, Roger; Gilley, Sheridan (eds), Routledge, London.
• MacRaild, Donald M.; Smith, Malcolm, 2012. Migration and Emigration, 1600–1945. In Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy and Society, Oxford University Press, p.141–44.
• Casson, Mark; Shaw-Taylor, L.; Satchell, A.; Wrigley, E. A, 2013. Railways and Local Population Growth: Northamptonshire and Rutland, 1801–91. In Large Databases in Economic History: Research Methods and Case Studies, Casson, Mark; Hashimzade, Nigar (eds), Routledge, London, p.183–217.
• Shaw-Taylor, Leigh; Wrigley, E. A., 2014. Occupational Structure and Population Change. In The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, Floud, R.; Humphries, Jane; Johnson, P. (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, series 1, p.53–88.
• Szreter, Ben, 2018. Global Immigration to England and Wales, 1851–1911. Evidence from the Census. In International Migrations in the Victorian Era, Ruiz, M. (eds), Brill, Leiden and Boston, p.241-277.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Poniat, Radosław; Klüsener, Sebastian; Gruber, Siegfried, 2019. Family Organisation and Human Capital Inequalities in Historical Europe: Testing the Association Anew. In Cliometrics and the Family: Global Patterns and their Impact on Diverging Development, Diebolt, Claude; Rijpma, Auke; Carmichael, Sarah; Dilli, Selin; Störmer, Charlotte (eds), Springer International Publishing, Cham, p.83-119, ISBN 978-3-319-99479-6 978-3-319-99480-2.
• Szreter, Simon; Schürer, Kevin, 2019. Revealing the Hidden Affliction: How Much Infertility Was Due to Venereal Disease in England and Wales on the Eve of the Great War?. In The Hidden Affliction, Szreter, Simon (eds), Rochester University Press.
• , 2020. Global Patterns of Regional Industrialization. In An Economic History of Regional Industrialization, Van Leeuwen, Bas; Philips, Robin CM; Buyst, Erik (eds), Routledge, p.3-26.
• Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert J., 2020. Female Entrepreneurship in England and Wales, 1851–1911. In Female Entrepreneurs in the Long Nineteenth Century, Aston, Jennifer; Bishop, Catherine (eds), Palgrave Macmillan UK, Cham, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, p.289-314, ISBN 978-3-030-33411-6 978-3-030-33412-3.
• Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert J.; van Lieshout, Carry, 2022. Industrial Districts, Entrepreneurship and the Economic Geography of Great Britain, 1851–1911. In Industrial Clusters: Knowledge, Innovation Systems and Sustainability in the Uk, Wilson, J. F; Corker, Chris; Lane, Joe (eds), Routledge, London, p.10–31.

Conference papers

• Hacker, David J., 2005. A Comparison of Martial Fertility in England, Canada, Australia, and the United States, 1877-1881: Was the Us Exceptional?.
• Boot, Hector; Fu, Sally; Christen, Peter, 2011. A Supervised Learning and Group Linking Method for Historical Census Household Linkage.
• Baskerville, Peter; Dillon, Lisa; Inwood, Kris; Roberts, Evan; Ruggles, Steven; Schürer, Kevin; Warren, John Robert, 2014. Mining Microdata: Economic Opportunity and Spatial Mobility in Britain and the United States, 1850–1881. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), IEEE, p.5–13.
• Myint, Khin Su Mon; Naing, Win Win, 2019. Analysis of Historical Census using Graph-based Household Matching Method. In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Information Technologies (ICAIT), IEEE, p.102–107.
• van Dijk, Justin; Longley, Paul A, 2020. Platial Geo-Temporal Demographics Using Family Names. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Platial Information Science (PLATIAL’19), Mocnik, F.B.; Westerholt, R. (eds) doi:10.5281/zenodo.3628863.

Theses

• Sparks, Corey Shepard, 2007. Households, Land and Labor: Population Dynamics in the Northern Orkney Island, Scotland, 1851 to 2003, The Pennsylvania State University.
• Day, Joseph, 2015. Leaving Home and Migrating in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales: Evidence from the 1881 Census Enumerators' Books, University of Cambridge.
• You, Xuesheng, 2015. Women's Employment in England and Wales, 1851-1911, University of Cambridge.
• Newell, Desmond J., 2016. Masculinity and The Plebeian Honour Fight: Dispute Resolution in Georgian England, Oxford Brookes University.
• Keibek, Sebastian, 2017. The male occupational structure of England and Wales, 1600-1850, University of Cambridge.
• Heritage, Tom Sean, 2019. The Elderly Populations of England and Wales, 1851-1911: A Comparative Study of Selected Counties, University of Southampton.
• Jäger, Philipp, 2019. Causes and Consequences of Demographic Change: Evidence Using Macro and Micro Data, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
• McMullon, Sadie AS, 2019. Migration to Fletton 1841-1911 An Exploration of Family Migration, the Creation of Community and Social Mobility through Marriage, University of Leicester.
• Byrne, Ruth, 2020. 'Pauper Aliens' and'Political Refugees': A Corpus Linguistic Approach to the Language of Migration in Nineteenth-Century Newspapers, Lancaster University (United Kingdom).
• Lampert, Jodie E., 2020. An Investigation of Differentiation Between Cornwall and Devon Based on History, Surnames, and Y-Chromosomes, University of Leicester.
• Milner, Benjamin, 2020. Essays on British labour markets during the Second Industrial Revolution, University of British Columbia.

Preprints

• Eff, Ellis Anthon, 2013. Settlers and Surnames: An Atlas Illustrating the Origins of Settlers in 19th Century America..
• Karbownik, Krzysztof; Wray, Anthony, 2016. Childhood Health and Long-Run Economic Opportunity in Victorian England, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern Univ.
• Bogart, Dan; You, Xuesheng; Alvarez, Eduard; Satchell, Max; Shaw-Taylor, Leigh, 2018. Were Railways Indispensable for Urbanization? Evidence from England and Wales.
• Bennett, Robert, 2019. Employers and Self-Employed in the Censuses 1921-2011 and Alignment with BBCE: Entrepreneurs, Business Numbers and Size Distribution. doi:10.17863/CAM.47127.
• Jaadla, Hannaliis, 2019. Weights to Adjust for the Number of Missing Women by Registration Sub-Districts in the I-CeM Database, 1851–1911.
• Satchell, Andrew; Bennett, Robert; Shaw Taylor, Leigh; Bogart, Dan, 2019. Constructing Parish-level Data and RSD-level Data on Transport Infrastructure in England and Wales 1851-1911, vol. WP 16, ESRC project ES/M010953: ‘Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses’.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz, 2019. Spatial Variation in Historical Household Formation Markers: Testing John Hajnal's Hypothesis with Geographically Weighted Correlation.
• Szoltysek, Mikolaj; Poniat, Radosław, 2019. Historical Family Systems and Lasting Developmental Trajectories in Europe: The Power of the Family? doi:10.31235/osf.io/ad7qr.
• Van Lieshout, Carry; Bennett, Robert; Montebruno, Piero, 2019. Company Directors: Directory and Census Record Linkage, 1881-1911 doi:10.17863/CAM.37166.
• Bennett, Robert; Van Lieshout, Carry; Schürer, Kevin, 2020. Missing in the Census 1851-1911: The ‘Lost’, ‘Missing’, and ‘Gaps’ in I-CeM and BBCE, with Weights to Adjust Rsd Populations, vol. WP 23, ESRC project ES/M010953: ‘Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses’ doi:10.17863/CAM.50179.
• Costas-Fernández, Julián; Guerra, José-Alberto; Mohnen, Myra, 2020. Train to Opportunity: The Effect of Infrastructure on Intergenerational Mobility, CEDE, Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, vol. Document 48.
• Montebruno, Piero; Bennett, Robert, 2020. Inter-Census Record-Linked Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs 1851-91 Using BBCE and I-CeM: Database Structure, Assessment, Downloads and User Guide, vol. WP 25, ESRC project ES/M010953: ‘Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses’ doi:10.17863/CAM.50180.
• Montebruno, Piero; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Bennett, Robert, 2020. Adjustment Weights 1891-1901 Scotland: Weights to Adjust Entrepreneur Numbers for Non-Response and Misallocation Bias in Scottish Censuses 1891-1901 doi:10.17863/CAM.50137.
• Newton, Gill; Bennett, Robert, 2020. Record-Linkage of Entrepreneurs in the England and Wales Censuses 1851-91 Using BBCE and I-CeM, vol. WP 24, ESRC project ES/M010953: ‘Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses’ doi:10.17863/CAM.50178.
• Szołtysek, Mikołaj; Ogórek, Bartosz, 2020. Global and Local Correlations of Hajnal's Historical Household Formation Markers: A Geographically Weighted Approach, vol. 33, Working Papers on Population, Family and Welfare.
• Bennett, Robert; Smith, Harry; Hannah, Leslie, 2021. Estimates of Gb Firm-Size by Sector in 1881 Using BBCE Sector Definitions (EA17 Sector Codes), vol. WP 27, ESRC project ES/M010953: ‘Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses’.
• Chapman, Jonathan, 2021. The Extent of the Franchise and Government Spending: A Non-Monotonic Relationship in Nineteenth-Century England.
• Rafferty, Sarah, 2021. Correcting Miscoded Male Textile Workers, Miners and Agricultural Labourers Living in London in 1911 I-CeM.
• Maitland, Samantha Kerruish, 2022. Exploring Macro-Micro Dialogues Through Analysis of Mortality Patterns in Soho, London During the 1854 Cholera Outbreak.
• Turner, George, 2022. Social Mobility in the Royal Navy During the Age of Sail: Investigating Intergenerational Social Mobility in the Royal Navy Between 1650-1850, vol. 8, Economic History Student Working Papers.
• Zhu, Ziming, 2022. Like Father Like Son? Intergenerational Immobility in England, 1851-1911, vol. 349, Economic History working paper series.
• Goehring, Grant; Hanlon, W Walker, 2024. How Successful Public Health Interventions Fail: Regulating Prostitution in Nineteenth Century Britain.
• Korn, Tobias; Lacroix, Jean, 2024. The Bankruptcy Express Market Integration and Intra-sector Reallocation in Industrializing Britain.

Encyclopedia articles

• You, Xuesheng, 2017. The Missing Half: Female Employment in Victorian England and Wales. In The Online Historical Atlas of Occupational Structure and Population Geography in England and Wales, Shaw-Taylor, Leigh; Cockerill, A.; Satchell, A. (eds), p.1600–2011.

Webpages

• Reid, A. M.; Arulanantham, S. J.; Day, J. D.; Garrett, E. M.; Jaadla, H.; Lucas-Smith, M., 2018. Populations Past: Atlas of Victorian and Edwardian Population.

Books

• Bennett, Robert; Smith, Harry; Van Lieshout, Carry; Montebruno, Piero; Newton, Gill, 2019. The Age of Entrepreneurship: Business Proprietors, Self-Employment and Corporations Since 1851, Routledge, London.
• Hurl-Eamon, Jennine; MacKay, Lynn, 2020. Women, Families and the British Army 1700-1880: From Marlborough's Reforms to the Outbreak of War with Revolutionary France, Routledge, London.
• Ahnert, Ruth; Griffin, Emma; Ridge, Mia; Tolfo, Giorgia, 2023. Collaborative Historical Research in the Age of Big Data: Lessons from an Interdisciplinary Project, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Elements in Historical Theory and Practice.

Datasets

• Bennett, Robert John; Radicic, Dragana; Newton, Gill, 2020. Research Data of Split Workforces for All Portfolio Businesses 1881 Supporting Radicic, D., Bennett, R.J. and Newton, G., 2017. Portfolio Entrepreneurship in Farming. Journal of Rural Studies, 55, pp.289-302 doi:10.17863/CAM.49853.
• Bennett, Robert John; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Montebruno, Piero, 2020. Downloads of research data EMP STATUS TOTAL BY SEX for England and Wales TOWNS 1851-1911 supporting “WP 26: Supplement to BBCE User Guide: Website definitions, downloads, Atlas of Entrepreneurship, and linkage to I-CeM” doi:10.17863/CAM.50422.
• Bennett, Robert John; Van Lieshout, Carry; Smith, Harry; Montebruno, Piero, 2020. Downloads of research data EMP STATUS BY SECTOR for England and Wales TOWNS 1851-1911 supporting “WP 26: Supplement to BBCE User Guide: Website definitions, downloads, Atlas of Entrepreneurship, and linkage to I-CeM” doi:10.17863/CAM.50418.
• Montebruno, Piero, 2020. Update with RecID: Research data supporting "Adjustment Weights for the 1891-1911 England and Wales censuses" doi:10.17863/CAM.50136.
• Williams, Samantha; Newton, Gill; Satchell, Max; Schurer, Kevin; Higgs, Eddy, 2020. Workhouse Populations, 1851-1911 doi:10.5255/UKDA-SN-853999.
• Van Lieshout, Carry; Bennett, Robert, 2021. Research data supporting BBCE and: ‘WP 14: Carry van Lieshout and Robert J. Bennett “Company Directors: Directory and Census Record Linkage, 1881-1911”' doi:10.17863/CAM.50894.